Existing scientific evidence demonstrates potential medical benefits of newborn male circumcision; however, these data are not considered sufficient to recommend routine neonatal circumcision. It is legitimate for parents to take into account cultural, religious, and ethnic traditions. Make sure the operation is done safely and with adequate pain control.

Clubfoot is when a baby’s foot points downwards and inwards. Babies with clubfoot need treatment within two weeks of age. Clubfoot treatment involves plaster casts, surgery and bracing.

All babies cry. It’s a normal part of development. When babies cry a lot, it’s often called colic. Here are some things you can do if you think your baby has colic.

Constipation is when your child has hard poo, large poo or trouble pushing poo out. Children with constipation often don’t do poos regularly.

Chickenpox looks like a rash with red spots that turn into blisters. Use bicarbonate of soda and water or calamine lotion to help with the itch. Keep your child away from child care, preschool or school until the last blister has scabbed over. The best way to avoid chickenpox is to immunise your child.

Babies can have various birthmarks. Most birthmarks fade with time, and specialised laser techniques can often fade or reduce birthmarks that don’t go away by themselves. Your doctor will let you know what to do about your child’s birthmarks.

Scabies is a very itchy skin rash caused by small burrowing mites. It looks like red tracks and spots on the skin. Scabies spreads very easily and should be treated carefully.

"Rubella symptoms include fever, swollen lymph glands and a pale pink rash over the body. The main risk of rubella is a severe damage the developing baby in womb when his pregnant mother becomes infected during preganacy . See your doctor if you think your child has rubella or you’re pregnant and think you might have been in contact with rubella. The best way to prevent rubella is to immunise your child. ."

Flatulence, or passing wind, is normal and necessary. Your child usually doesn’t need treatment for it. If your child is passing wind a lot and also has a sore tummy and other symptoms, you might need to see your doctor. If certain foods give your child a lot of wind, try cutting back on them in your child’s diet.

Nosebleeds are very common. They’re usually nothing to worry about. Apply firm pressure to your child’s nose for 10 minutes. Repeat for 10 minutes if the nosebleed doesn’t stop.If you can’t stop the bleeding, take your child to the doctor or a hospital emergency department.