When a child has recurrent seizures or fits, the condition is called epilepsy. If your child is diagnosed with epilepsy, treatment might involve anticonvulsant medication. Epilepsy treatment aims to let children live a normal life.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited genetic condition that affects children’s lungs, digestive system, sweat glands and fertility. Specialised treatment can improve quality of life for children with cystic fibrosis.

Lots of children get coughs, and their coughs tend to hang around. A cough can be upsetting for your child – and for you too! – but most coughs don’t need any special treatment.

Vision impairment can range from no vision – blindness – or very low vision to not being able to see particular colours. Babies might have vision impairment at birth. It can also happen later as a result of disease, injury or a medical condition. The way a child behaves or uses his eyes might be a sign of a problem with the way he sees. Severe vision loss or blindness can affect your child’s development and learning. Early intervention can help your child reach her full potential.

In babies and toddlers, symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) include irritability, poor feeding and feverin many cases. Your baby or toddler needs to see a doctor as soon as possible if she has UTI symptoms. Doctors will test your child’s urine to diagnose a UTI. Antibiotics are usually used to treat UTIs. The doctor might also refer your child for an ultrasound to make sure there are no problems in their urinary tracts.

If your child has an undescended testicle, it means his testicle hasn’t moved into the scrotum before birth. This condition isn’t painful but can increase the risk of several other health issues. See your doctor if you think your child has an undescended testicle. It should be treated by surgery until your child is 1 yr old.

Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) covers both sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and fatal sleeping accidents. Babies are particularly at risk of SUDI when three kinds of risk factors happen at once. These are vulnerability, age and environment. Many SUDI risks you can avoid. These include risks associated with babies’ sleep environments.

A stye is a small, red, painful lump at the base of an eyelash.Try using a warm compress and gentle massage to help pus come out of the stye. Take your child to your doctor if the stye doesn’t go away within a few days. Styes are infectious. Wash hands frequently and use separate towels to stop the infection spreading.

Slapped cheek disease starts as a fever, headache and runny nose, then a rash appears on the cheeks. Slapped cheek disease isn’t serious for most children, although it can be dangerous for unborn babies. There’s no need to keep your child home from child care, preschool or school.