Most of the content in children’s books, media, and advertising, including school textbooks, perpetuate discriminatory gender stereotypes and roles. Therefore, unconsciously children begin to absorb the accepted roles, behaviours and expectations connected to their gender at an age where they are not yet able to think critically.

Traditionally, girls are encouraged to play with dolls while boys are encouraged to play outside. However, parenting practices initiate gender socialization of children, and can reinforce gender stereotypes of the roles men and women are traditionally expected to play in society.

No matter how old your children are, your praise and encouragement will help them feel good about themselves. This boosts their self-esteem and confidence. Sometimes rewards can be useful too, especially if you want to encourage good behaviour.

A stimulating environment to play in and explore helps your child learn and grow. But sometimes too many activities add up to overstimulation, so downtime is important for your child too. It is all about finding a balance that is right for your child.

Preschoolers are curious, easily distracted, keen on independence and still developing self-regulation. Preschool helps your child learn about getting along with others and following rules. Common preschooler behaviour concerns are tantrums, habits, lying and anxiety. Your preschooler needs you to guide his behaviour in positive ways.

A neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be a strange and difficult environment for your baby, you and your family.Try making the NICU space your own, spending time with your baby, and taking time to relax.If you look after yourself while your baby is in the NICU, you’ll be better able to care for your baby.

If you know you might have a premature birth, it’s normal for you and your partner to feel many positive and negative emotions. Get information from nurses and doctors, and speak to other parents who have had a premature birth. Relaxing exercises and positive thinking can help you feel ready for premature birth. It is a good idea to get familiar with the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) before birth.

When you have a premature baby, it is common to have both positive and negative feelings. You can cope with negative feelings by accepting and talking about your feelings. It is normal to have ups and downs, but try to focus on your baby’s successes and milestones. When you look after yourself physically and emotionally, you will be in better shape to care for your baby.

Playing helps you and your premature baby bond. It also helps your baby develop.You can use sight, touch and sound to play with your baby.Watch your baby’s body language so you know when she’s had enough play.